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句子结构英语

句子

一、句子包括的成分

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)

1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.

例如:The girl is pretty.

Reading is useful.

To see is to believe.

They are good friends.

2.谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.

例如:They are teachers.

She looks well.

He studies hard.

He laughed at his classmates.

He can speak English.

3.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.

例如:I am a teacher.

She is happy.

Everybody is here.

They are at home now.

My job is to teach English.

Seeing is believing.

4.宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.

例如:She plays the piano.

He often helps me.

I like watching TV.

She likes to go to shop this afternoon.

I think that he is good guy.

5.宾语补足语在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.

它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当

例如:If you let me go, I’ll make you king.

Leave the door open.

We found John out when we arrived.

Make yourself at home.

I saw him enter the hall.

The boss keeps them working all day.

I heard my name called.

6.状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.

例如:He did it carefully.

Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.

In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.

I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.

He is writing with a pen.

7.定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.

例如: The black bike is mine.

What’s your name?

A broken vase.

A sleeping boy.

I have 5 books.

They made paper flowers.

The boy in the room is Jack.

I have something to do.

It is a swimming pool.

8.同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。

如:We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true. (从句作同位语)

二、句子结构

1.简单句:只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子,称作简单句。简单句有以下5种基本句型:

S十V主谓结构

S十V十p主系表结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

( There +be There lies a book on the desk. )

说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾

语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语

五个基本句式详细解释如下:

1. 主语+ 不及物动词

例:He (主语)laughed(谓语动词).

My tooth aches.

2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语

例:They(主语) enjoy(谓语动词) the play(宾语).

I met John in the street yesterday.

3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语

例:He(主语) is(系动词) out(表语).

Jenny is fine.

It looks like rain, soon.

5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补足语

例:She(主语) found(谓语动词) him (宾语 )a very clever student(宾语补足语). I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.

注意:当宾语意思表达不完整时,需要用补足语补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。用作宾语补足语的通常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等。当谓语动词为see, hear , watch, feel 等感官动词或者let, have , make 等使役动词时,如果不定式作宾语补足语,必须省略to。 例如:Let me (to) see. (to)要省去。

英语常用句型 :

1.肯定句; 2.否定句 ; 3.疑问句;

4.反义疑问句; 5.简单句; 6.并列句;

7.主从复合句

每一种句型又都是变化多样得,不是一句话两句话就能说清楚的。